The three showing an eagle holding a long ribbon in its beak, with a tight grouping of stars surrounded by a circle of small clouds just above the eagle's head, are US Army "Great Seal of the United States" buttons. That type dates from 1902 onward. Specimens of it which were produced in the first few years after 1902 do not have a raised border around the emblem. so all of yours are later than about 1910. Your largest one has a French backmark, and was most likely produced there during World War One.
Two of your buttons' backmark says "Waterbury Button Co. Conn" which means they were made sometime between 1910 and 1944, because the Waterbury Button Company's name was changed to "The Waterbury Companies" in 1944.
Your button showing an eagle with its head turned to the eagle's right side (not the viewer's right), standing on a horizontal anchor, is a 1944-or-later US Navy button.
Your other button, showing a sort of cloth-weave design, is a simple civilian Fashion button -- definitely not Military.