The date is almost certainly a United States Patent issuance date. You could do some research through the Patents issued on that date, and find out what your mystery cap is, and what it was used for.
In doing my own research on civil war era Patents, I found the "average" number of Patents issued on any particular day in the 1860s was usually about 30... so that's not TOO many you'll have to search through. Look for your cap (or disc) in the illustrated diagram which accompanies most Patents. Here's an example of a Patent diagram... note that the parts are labeled, and explained in the Description section of the Patent.