Looks like in inside primed 50-70 from here. Need exact measurements to be sure. The crimp to hold the primer cup in position inside the case, the lack of a head stamp, and the rough measurement makes it from the early 1870's.
The casing length is 1 3/4" The width is almost 5/8" The flange is 5/8" I do not have a caliper so I cannot measure accurately. Do appreciate your response.
I am in agreement with BosnMate, except for a minor adjustment regarding the earliest date. Your cartridge is an "early" military-arsenal-made .50-70 "Government Rifle" Benet-primer cartridge. Your specific version dates from 1868 into the 1870s. Based on lacking a visible primer-disc in the base and having no "headstamp" (base-marking), it is the second cartridge from the left in the photo in the linked article here: THE CARTRIDGE COLLECTOR
Scroll down to "An Assortment of .50-70 Government Cartridges." Lots of good detailed information for you in the article.