I'm thinking, looking at the base, that it's some type of protective cap that is removed by screwdriver in the slot and then a 20° turn or so to clear the little teeth around the base so it will lift off. What it came from? Dunno. Old carbureators had an altitude adjustment screw and I had one with a screw-down cap about that same size. Had one on a '68 Toyota carb that had a little micrometer barrel adjustment.