NOAA Office of Coast Survey Historical Map and Chart Collection

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The collection includes some of the nation's earliest nautical charts, hydrographic surveys, topographic surveys, geodetic surveys, city plans and Civil War battle maps:
http://historicals.ncd.noaa.gov/historicals/histmap.asp

All maps from the site are also downloadable in MrSID format for viewing/printing with the MrSID viewer, available here:
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/help/download_sid.html