Update: the TAD carving under raking light (RTI)
I've added a new page to my site showing the TAD carving through reflectance transformation imaging (RTI), a technique museums use to study carvings and old inscriptions. With the camera fixed on a tripod, I took 35 photos, moving a flashlight to a different low angle for each one, with a shiny ball in the frame to record where the light was. Software then combines the shots so the carving can be re-lit from any direction, which shows the depth and shape of every cut. Thirty of the photos were usable.
What it showed: the letters were cut as V-shaped knife strokes with angled walls and ragged, torn edges. There's also a long, thin scratch running past the "A" and "D," and a few small dents nearby. Those were already visible in regular photos. It did not turn up any hidden letters, initials, or other marks, so I'm reporting that honestly too.
You can see the views here:
TAD in Raking Light. If you want to play with it yourself, download the tad.ptm file from that page and open it in the free RTIViewer from Cultural Heritage Imaging. You can drag the light around and look at the carving from any angle. In the viewer the letters appear upside down, the way the camera saw them.
If anyone who knows period carving or tool marks wants to weigh in on the cuts, I'd welcome it.
Brian