Hola sdcfia
My main stomping ground is the Pacific. Generally Southern Cross pointers in South pacific and Big dipper and pole star in Northern Pacific. That and old Polynesian navigation methods wind and waves and birds. Trouble is in higher polar or lower arctic regions is bad weather for sighting stars at night at sea. Even for compass bearings the closer to the poles in general the larger the magnetic variations to the compass. Thankfully it is still a requirement still for all masters and mates to be familiar with celestial navigation and remains as a requirement for their certificate of competency..
That said these days I am afraid I am rather lazy these days of GPS as my marine chronometer calculations are never as accurate as Global positioning System which can place you on the earth surface with in 3 meters. Although I still keep a marine chronometer as back up although I would Probably be out by more than a mile or two.
I usually plot wind Speeds, knots dead reckoning from a fixed point along a nautical chart. Yes I am still old fashioned and still believe in drawing it on my paper charts. Not convinced computer logged map as my son is keen on if power fails you have no maps.
Celestial navigation is the use of angular measurements (sights) between celestial bodies and the visible horizon to locate one's position on the globe, on land as well as at sea. At a given time, any celestial body is located directly over one point on the Earth's surface. The latitude and longitude of that point is known as the celestial body’s geographic position (GP), the location of which can be determined from tables in the Nautical or Air Almanac for that year.
However you do pose a very intriguing question?
The North Ecliptic Pole is in Draco. Due to precession, the celestial pole moves in a circle around the ecliptic poles once every 25,800 years.
The ecliptic poles are (as of epoch 1 January 2000) at: (North) right ascension 18h 0m 0.0s (exact), declination +66° 33′ 38.55″
The orientation of the Earth's axis and equator are not fixed in space, but rotate about the poles of the ecliptic with a period of about 25,800 years, a process known as lunisolar precession, as it is due mostly to the gravitational effect of the Moon and Sun on the Earth's equatorial bulge. Likewise, the ecliptic itself is not fixed. The gravitational perturbations of the other bodies of the Solar System cause a much smaller motion of the plane of the Earth's orbit, and hence of the ecliptic, known as planetary precession. The combined action of these two motions is called general precession, and changes the position of the equinoxes by about 50 arc seconds (about 0°.014) per year.
I do have an old book of tables some quite well worn if I can find it on the "Drumbeat"
Here is rough table not as precise as a nautical almanac which constantly needs to be updated.
No. Name Mag. S.H.A. Dec. No. Name Mag. S.H.A. Dec.
1 Alpheratz 2.2* 358 N.29 31 Gacrux 1.6 172# S. 57
2 Ankaa 2.4 354 S.42 32 Alioth 1.7 167 N. 56
3 Schedar 2.5* 350 N.56 33 Spica 1.2* 159# S. 11
4 Diphda 2.2 349# S.18 34 Alkaid 1.9 153 N. 49
5 Achernar 0.6 336# S.57 35 Hadar 0.9 149# S. 60
6 Hamal 2.2* 328 N.23 36 Menkent 2.3 149 S. 36
7 Acamar 3.1 316 S.40 37 Arcturus 0.2* 146# N. 19
8 Menkar 2.8 315 N. 4 38 Rigel Kentaurus 0.1 140# S. 61
9 Mirfac 1.9* 309 N.50 39 Zubenelgenubi 2.9* 138# S. 16
10 Aldebaran 1.1* 291# N.16 40 Kochab 2.2 137 N. 74
11 Rigel 0.3* 282# S. 8 41 Alpheca 2.3* 127 N. 27
12 Capella 0.2* 281 N.46 42 Antares 1.2* 113# S. 26
13 Bellatrix 1.7* 279# N. 6 43 Atria 1.9 108# S. 69
14 Elnath 1.8 279 N.29 44 Sabic 2.6 103 S. 16
15 Alnilam 1.8* 276# S. 1 45 Shaula 1.7 97# S. 37
16 Betelgeuse var.* 271# N. 7 46 Rasalhague 2.1 96 N. 13
17 Canopus -0.9 264# S.53 47 Eltanin 2.4 91 N. 51
18 Sirius -1.6* 259# S.17 48 Kaus Australis 2.0 84# S. 34
19 Adhara 1.6 256# S.29 49 Vega 0.1* 81 N. 39
20 Procyon 0.5* 245# N. 5 50 Nunki 2.1* 76# S. 26
21 Pollux 1.2* 244 N.28 51 Altair 0.9* 63# N. 9
22 Avior 1.7 234# S.59 52 Peacock 2.1 54# S. 57
23 Suhail 2.2 223 S.43 53 Deneb 1.3* 50 N. 45
24 Miaplacidus1.8 222# S.70 54 Enif 2.5 34 N. 10
25 Alphard 2.2 218# S. 9 55 Al Na'ir 2.2 28# S. 47
26 Regulus 1.3* 208# N.12 56 Fomalhaut 1.3 16# S. 30
27 Dubhe 2.0 194 N.62 57 Markab 2.6 14 N. 15
28 Denebola 2.2* 183# N.15
29 Gienah 2.8 176 S.17
30 Acrux 1.1 174# S.63
* = Stars that are prominent for observers in the Northern hemisphere.
# = Stars that are prominent for observers in the Southern hemisphere.
Var. = Variable star, mag. = 0.1 to 1.2
- Note that many stars are visible North and South of the equator.
Anyway I hope it is of some help? It late and Drumbeat sails at day break.
Oh if you are looking for magnetic compass bearing taken back in time you have to consult magnetic variation tables going back to that time frame especially in the extreme north and south regions. If your hunting down the exact position today of a past celestial observation with a marine Chronometer taken from certain star in polar sky. You would have hunt down old tables of the that time and compare present table.
Browns Nautical Almanac is now in its 138th year of publication. Any almanac before 1883 is rare as hens teeth.
Kanacki
Now SHHHHH! Keep that important detail secret at all costs!
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