1. Do you know how to safely test the cave/mine rock for unsafe fractures that could lead to a cave in?
2. Do you own a multi-gas detector (like this for example):
3. Have you ever heard of Histoplasmosis?
If your answer is NO to ANY of the above questions, then keep your a$$ out of caves/mines. Mt Lions, Bears, Snakes, and angry Badgers are the very least of your worries.
1. Slightly bump up against a badly fractured and worn wall causing a cave-in and you're dead.
2. POISON GAS as has been mentioned is not a great concern in NC. In California, they used a lot of cyanide leaching in the old pits. Cyanide got into the the ground and water table, and when it outgasses in old mines/caves, it comes out as Hydrogen Cyanide Gas (deadly). In NC, you only have to worry about Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide, and Bad Air. Without a multigas detector, here is what happens: You are wandering into a cave/mine. You get to a low spot where the bad air pools (CO, CO2, and bad air are all heavier than air). You breathe in, and immediately fall to the ground unconscious. Nobody to help you, you suffocate within a minute or two. Another gas that is common in old mines is methane. So you smell something funny, then you bump against a wall of the mine/cave, and your rock pick makes a spark. That sets off an explosion of the methane in the air, which in turn causes a massive cave-in. You are probably already dead from either the explosion or the cave-in. Your family probably won't have a body to bury.
3. Here is what happens with Histoplasmosis: As you are wandering around the cave/mine, you are inadvertently kicking around the dirt on the floor of the shaft. A few days later, you get the symptoms of a bad case of flu. Headaches, body aches, joint pain, fever. You give it a few days to pass, but it doesn't. By the time you go to a hospital, it may be too late, and all they can do is make your last days on Earth less painful with medication.
When you were kicking up that cave dirt. It contained a fungus from bat/bird excretions called Histoplasmosis. When you breathe it in, it goes directly into your bloodstream from your lungs. The fungus grows feeding on your blood. Once it reaches a point of no return, the only thing that MIGHT save your life is a complete blood transfusion. Even with that, you might still die.