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British Regiments and the Men Who Led Them 1793-1815: Royal Veteran, Reserve, and Garrison Battalions
By Steve Brown
The history of these particular units is confusing since the term ‘Garrison Battalion’ was applied to three different types of corps at various times in the period 1795 to 1816. Chronologically speaking, the evolution goes like this;
1. A single Royal Garrison Battalion existed from 1795 to 1802
2. It was disbanded and replaced by seven new Royal Garrisons Battalions in December 1802
3. Sixteen Battalions of Reserve were raised in July 1803 in accordance with the Additional Forces Act
4. The seven Royal Garrison Battalions were re-named Royal Veteran Battalions in July 1804
5. The sixteen Battalions of Reserve were re-named Garrison Battalions in October 1804
6. These sixteen battalions were disbanded and replaced by three new Garrison Battalions in February 1805
7. The Royal Veteran Battalions were largely disbanded in 1814, but two were retained (4th and 7th) whilst six (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 5th, 6th and 8th) were re-raised in 1815 and disbanded in 1816. Technically these were new battalions, but have been covered under the description of the original unit for ease of reference.
8. The Garrison Battalions were also largely disbanded in 1814, but two (3rd and 4th) were retained and re-numbered, and a new 3rd Garrison Battalion was formed in 1815 from invalids in Plymouth and Portsmouth and Chelsea out-pensioners. All three were disbanded in 1816 and 1817.
The main difference between Veteran and Garrison Battalions was that the former were intended as a home for deserving old soldiers no longer fit for regular duty, whereas the latter were intended for the left-over limited service men enrolled under the various forces acts of 1803 to 1806. However this distinction blurred over time as both were used for depositing worn-out old soldiers for garrison duties.
