Not-so-hypothetical scenario: I'm detecting a playfield that has a ton of shallow (< 6") targets and likely hasn't seen any metal detecting in some time. I find a ring at around 4", gold with ice and worth a bit of money. It has no identifying characteristics beyond the hallmark, and thus there is little hope of tracking down the person that owned it.
By my way of thinking, if it's a few inches down, it's been there for at least a couple of years - long enough for the person who lost it to make some effort at recovering it, either by enlisting a friend with a metal detecting or getting one of their own. The way that I'm rationalizing it (and we all rationalize to a degree when we dig something up on land that's not ours and make the decision to keep it), they had ample opportunity to find their ring. They either could not or would not, meaning that as far as I'm concerned, they gave up on it. Am I wrong in this belief?
Let's change it now to a hypothetical scenario: the ring had a name on it. I would normally attempt to return something with a name on it but this time, I won't. It's going off to the refinery. This makes me a bad person, but what changed? Nothing really - the ring was still there, the owner still couldn't find it, and my way of rationalizing the situation suddenly fell apart for me once I'd discovered that I could find out who it belonged to. It seems that my rationale is questionable.
Few would fault me for my actions in the first scenario, but at least some would criticize me for the second. I would criticize someone else if they'd done it. But again, what's the difference? Does the lack of identifying marks change the situation that much? In both cases I recovered something that belonged to someone else, but because in the former case there was no way for me to find out who, I had no problems with claiming it; in the latter case, I felt compelled to give it back.
For me, it does. One feels right and the other doesn't. I have no better explaination than that. As I've said in the past, the only person that I strive to make proud is myself. I'm the one that has to live with my decisions, after all. I'm just not sure if those decisions are always logical.
Another scenario as a brief mental exercise: you go to the ATM in front of the bank. There is no one around and the bank is closed, but will open again tomorrow. You find an ATM/debit card on the ground and there is $20 in the tray. What do you do with the card? What do you do with the money? In my case, I returned the card to the bank later but I kept the money at the teller's suggestion. (These were two different situations but I presented them together for brevity's sake.) One was identifiable and one was not, but both belonged to someone other than me. Why do I think that I was right in both situations, even though I acted completely differently?