More Info
They no longer make 10000 dollar bills. They made them from 1865 to 1945.
As for who is on the bill... Andrew Jackson and Salmon P. Chase have been featured over the years. The first gold certificates (1865) had no portrait. There was a vignette titled "E Pluribus Unum", which consisted of an eagle and a shield, on the right. Then, in 1870, gold certificates (made all the way up to 1917 or so, consisting of series 1870, 1875, 1882, 1888, and 1900) had Andrew Jackson.
There was a Legal Tender Note from 1878 which also had Jackson on it. This bill was not redeemable in gold.
Finally, in 1918, a Federal Reserve Note was introduced, that had Salmon P. Chase on it. Salmon P. Chase was the Secretary of the Treasury during the Civil War. His portrait has appeared on several bills over the years, including an $1 from 1862, when he was very much alive and in office!
In 1928, a smaller-size $10000 design was introduced, which also had Salmon P. Chase on it. Federal Reserve Notes and Gold Certificates of series 1928 and 1934 were produced in small quantities.
There are about 350 outstanding 10000 dollar bills today. The vast majority are series 1934 Federal Reserve Notes, and all but about 10 or so are either 1928 or 1934 FRNs. The oldest known is an 1882 gold certificate, and there are several 1918 FRNs, and some of the small-size gold certificates. Mosts of these are in museums. The rest have been redeemed and destroyed.
There are also several hundred cancelled $10000 gold certificates from the series of 1900. These are not part of the above population count, as they had been recalled and cancelled, and are thus no longer obligations of the federal government. They are out there as a result of a fire in the treasury building in 1936, at which point a box full of these ended up in the street! They are worth far less than 10000 dollars, actually, as a collector's item, as opposed to the 350 detailed above, which are worth at least the face value, and probably many times more.
http://www.faqs.org/qa/qa-15323.html