The International Shipwreck Conference
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Robert F. Marx Projects
1. Exploration and survey of shipwrecks along the California coast, including the Manila Galleon San Agust?n, lost in 1595 in Drake?s Bay, 1950-1953.
2. Location of several Civil War blockade runners and recovery of artifacts, under auspices of North Carolina Development Board, 1953-54.
3. During a six month Mediterranean cruise with the US Navy?s Sixth Fleet conducted shipwreck explorations in the Azores, Spain, France, Libya, Italy, Greece and Egypt; located and surveyed 15 ancient shipwrecks, June - December 1954.
4. Located Civil War ironclad, of the Monitor Class, Cape Hatteras, NC, 1955.
5. Located a number of Spanish and English wreck sites from period 1650- 1800, Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands, 1955-56.
6. Discovery of a number of previously unknown Mayan temple sites, cenotes. zacbes (ceremonial causeways), and cave tombs in British Honduras and in Quintana Roo and Isla Cozumel, Mexico; In cooperation with the Mexican Department of Anthropology and History mapped Tulum, Coba, Xelha, and other little-known Mayan sites on the east coast of Quintana Roo, Isla Cozumel and Isla Mujeres; first exploration and recovery of artifacts from Mayan cenote at Dzibilchaltun, under direction of Tulane University Department of Archaeology; served as assistant to Professor John Goggin, University of Florida, in excavation of Spanish colonial sites, Yucatan: February 1957-September 1959.
7. Discovery of remains of Spanish galleon, Nuestra Se?ora de los Milagros (sunk in 1741); organization of three series of excavations on the site, the last sponsored by the official Mexican Underwater Exploration Society (CEDAM), which resulted in the recovery of over 200,000 artifacts, Quintana Roo, Mexico, 1957 - 1959.
8. Discovery and identification of early Spanish wreck sites: La Nicolasa, supply ship of Hern?n Cortes's' expedition (sunk in 1526); and two ships burned and scuttled by Francisco de Montejo (1526), Quintana Roo, 1957.
9. Exploration of Caribbean waters off coasts of Central and South America, Leeward and Windward Islands and the Bahamas, located over fifty Spanish, French, English, Dutch and Portuguese wreck sites from period 1550- 1800, November 1959-February 1960.
10. Exploration around the island of Terceira, Azores. Located four late 16th century and early 17th century Spanish ships in Angra Bay; and three others from the same period in Fanal Bay on this Island, May 1960 and July 1961.
11. Underwater survey of submerged Roman cities of Carteya and Bolonia (southern Spain); location and exploration of wreck sites in Cadiz harbor and off Tarifa, Zahara, and Sanlucar de Barrameda, under auspices of the Museo Provincial de Cadiz, Spain, 1960-62.
12. Participation in archaeological excavation, sponsored by the Smithsonian Institution, of a 16th century Spanish wreck site, Bermuda, August 1963.
13. Organization and direction of exploratory expeditions to Roncador, and Quita Sue?o Banks, and Isla Providencia (western Caribbean), which resulted in the location of a number of important Spanish colonial wreck sites and exploration of four of the principal sites, June-July, 1963 and May-November, 1965.
14. Director, under auspices of the Institute of Jamaica and the Jamaican National Trust Commission, of the archaeological excavation of the sunken city of Port Royal which sank in 1692 during an earthquake. This remains to date the most extensive underwater archaeological excavation in the Western Hemisphere. I recovered more than two million artifacts and wrote forty scientific reports on the project. November 1965 - June 1968.
15. Discovered of two shipwrecks of Christopher Columbus which were lost in St. Anne's Bay, Jamaica, in 1504. February 1968.
16. Director of Research and Salvage operations for the Real Eight Co. Inc. of Melbourne, Florida. Summer months spent excavating shipwrecks of a fleet which was lost in 1715 off the coast of Florida. The remainder of each year spent locating and salvaging ancient shipwrecks in the Bahamas, Mexico and Colombia. June 1968 - January 1971.
17. Archaeological survey on geological formations and sunken walls and buildings off Bimini and Andros Island in the Bahamas. August 1969, July 1971 and December 1976.
18. Excavation of three Civil War blockade runners off Charleston and Sullivan?s Island, South Carolina. January - February 1970.
19. Archaeological explorations on land and underwater at various sites in the Yucatan Peninsula under auspices of CEDAM of Mexico. January, April - May 1971 and February - March 1976.
20. Exploration for marine archaeological sites around nine Caribbean Islands in the Windward and Leeward Island group under auspices of the Minnesota Historical Society. February 1971.
21. Archaeological survey of pre-Columbian artifacts in Lake Toluca, Mexico under auspices of CEDAM of Mexico. June 1971.
22. Underwater exploration of marine archaeological sites on both sides of the Isthmus of Panama under auspices of the Panama Institute of Tourism. December 1971 - January 1972, April 1973, March 1975.
23. Participated in exploration for ancient deep water wrecks St. Augustine to Miami, Florida aboard the Alcoa Seaprobe. March and November 1972.
24. Location of an early 17th century Spanish shipwreck in 1,500 feet of water south of the Dry Tortugas Islands in the Gulf of Mexico using sonar and a TVSS (television search and salvage system). An anchor from the site was brought to the surface for identification of the site. November 1972.
25. Exploration of the Little Bahama Bank using visual, sonar and magnetometer methods in which a total of 21 shipwrecks were discovered, including the Spanish galleon Nuestra Se?ora de la Maravilla, sunk in 1656. June - October 1972.
26. Exploration of the ancient Phoenician seaports of Byblos, Tyre and Sidon in Lebanon at the invitation of the Lebanese Dept. of Antiquities. Discoveries included Phoenician shipwrecks dating from the 5th and 4th centuries BC (one with a cargo of terracotta figurines), two Greek shipwrecks from the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC, two Roman shipwrecks from the First century BC, and a Byzantine shipwreck from the 6th century, AD. Collected samplings of cargoes of all the sites for the Department of Antiquities. January, February 1973 and July 1974.
27. Exploration around the Turks and Caicos Islands at the invitation of the Turks and Caicos Historical Society, to determine if one of these islands was the original landing place of Columbus?s first voyage. Discovered eleven shipwrecks dating from the early 17th to mid-19th centuries. November 1971, March 1973 and March 1977.
28. Exploration of waters surrounding Ascension Island in the South Atlantic at the invitation of the British Government; found four shipwrecks dating from mid- 16th century to the early 18th century, including Capt. William Dampier?s HMS Roebuck. March 1973.
29. Magnetometer and visual search of a twenty square-mile area in the Florida Keys. Nine shipwrecks from the 16th to 18th centuries and surveyed. May - October 1973.
30. Exploration of waters surrounding Grand Cayman Island at the invitation of the local government during which a number of shipwrecks were discovered. November 1973 and February 1978.
31. Locating and mapping a sunken city submerged in 1687 off Oranjestad, St. Eustatius Island in the Caribbean under auspices of the Dutch Government. In addition to mapping visual submerged structures of the site, I discovered and investigated a number of shipwrecks. December 1973.
32. Participation in underwater archaeological surveys and excavations along the northern coast of Israel under direction of Dr. Elisha Linder of the University of Haifa. Most of the excavations were concentrated in the area of Acre on harbor works and a Crusader shipwreck. I headed a team which located four Phoenician and several Hellenistic and Roman wrecks in this area and at Athlit and Shavei Zion. September - October 1975 and May 1976.
33. Exploration of both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of Panama under auspices of the Panama Government. Made extensive visual and magnetometer searches around the Pearl Islands on the Pacific side of the Isthmus and on the Atlantic side around the mouth of the Chagres River, Porto Bello, Nombre de Dios and in the San Blas Islands. A total of 44 shipwrecks predating 1800 were discovered. Test hole excavations made on a number of the sites. June - November 1976 and February - July 1977.
34. Underwater exploration made in the waters off the Central American country of Belize. Seven virgin wreck sites were discovered; two were 17th century Spanish merchantmen. April 1976.
35. At the invitation of the Australian Government, explored four 17th and 18th century Dutch shipwrecks, plus others of other date periods and nationalities off the west coast of Australia. August-September 1977.
36. Underwater archaeological survey made at the invitation of the Dutch Antilles Government around the islands of St. Martin's, Saba and St. Eustatius. I identified wreck sites off each island and recommended eventual excavation to the government. October - November 1977.
37. Search and excavation of numerous wrecks located in the Florida Keys between Marathon and Key Largo, including three of the 1733 fleet galleons, a 1622 merchantman and a French merchantman -c. 1750. March - July 1978.
38. Extensive magnetometer and visual survey made off Cape Canaveral and surrounding waters. A number of shipwrecks were discovered but poor working conditions prevented them from being excavated. July - September 1978.
39. Aerial, visual and magnetometer survey of the Little Bahama Bank, covering some 40 square miles in which a total of 28 shipwrecks were located dating from the mid sixteenth to late 19th century. October 1978 and July - September 1979.
40. Mauritius Project under auspices of UNESCO and Mauritius?s Dept. of Education, I conducted an extensive aerial and visual reef survey and located eighteen pre-1800 shipwrecks; including four 16th century Portuguese East Indiamen and seven 17th and 18th century East Indiamen (French, Dutch and English). During this expedition, I was consultant to the team excavating the French merchant vessel St. Ger?n lost in 1744. A vast number of artifacts were recovered, preserved and placed on display in the country?s Maritime Museum. February - April 1979.
41. Under auspices of the Naval Museum of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil I conducted an underwater visual survey off Salvador (Bahia) and located thirteen shipwrecks from the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries, including the flagship of the Dutch privateer, Piet Heyn, lost during his attack in 1627. May 1979.
42. Underwater archaeological survey in waters surrounding the port of Palma de Mallorca, Spain, resulting in the discovery of one Greek and two Roman amphorae-carrying galleys. In other areas, discovered five large lead Roman anchors which were not associated with a shipwreck. June 1979.
43. Underwater archaeological survey along the southern coast of Portugal in search of Classical period shipwrecks. In the harbor of Portimao, a Punic and a Roman shipwreck were discovered. October - November 1979.
44. Underwater archaeological survey made in the Azores around the Islands of San Miguel and Santa Maria. Twelve 16th to 18th century shipwrecks were located surveyed. December 1979.
45. Extensive magnetometer and visual survey along a thirty mile area of the southern and eastern shores of Cape Breton Island (Nova Scotia), Canada. Pinpointed over forty shipwrecks dating from the 17th to the 20th century, including the British HMS Tilbury (1749) and a section of the French warship Chameau (1725). Test excavations were made on the above two and several other 18th century shipwrecks. June - October 1980.
46. Under direction of the Naval Museum of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, partially excavated two Dutch warships near the harbor of Salvador (Bahia) in the Bay of All Saints: the Hollandia , Piet Heyn?s flagship lost during his attack in 1627 and the Utrecht lost in 1648. Thirty miles north of the bay I discovered the Portuguese East Indiaman, Santa Clara, lost in 1573. November 1980 - March 1981.
47. Underwater archaeological survey along the eastern and southern coast of Santiago Island in the Cape Verde Islands; discovered seven 15th to 18th century shipwrecks. The most important were two Portuguese merchantmen dating from the mid-16th century off the fishing village of Cidade Velha. On a beach on Sal Island I discovered traces of a Phoenician shipwreck dating from the 5th century BC. May 1981.
48. Extensive magnetometer and visual survey of 150 square miles on the Great Bahama Bank, Bahamas. Located more than fifty shipwrecks dating from the 16th to the 19th century. June - November 1981, April - October 1983, August - October 1984.
49. Under auspices of the Naval Museum of Rio de Janeiro, I conducted aerial, sonar, magnetometer and visual search along the coast, harbors and river mouths of Brazil?s Pernambuco State. Located eighteen 16th to 19th century shipwrecks (Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch and French); the majority were 17th century ships lost during the Dutch occupation of this area. Feb. - April 1982.
50. Under auspices of the Musee de Marine (Paris) I conducted a sonar and magnetometer survey off the coast of Brittany, France, during which nine 16th to 18th century shipwrecks were discovered, including three French warships from the famous Battle of Quiberon Bay (1759). Also participated in the excavation of the French warship Soleil Royal (1759) off Le Croisic. June - July 1982.
51. Underwater archaeological survey conducted in Baia de Guanabara (Rio de Janeiro), Brazil, under auspices of the Naval Museum, on what is believed to be a possible Roman amphora carrier from the 2nd century BC. Three other shipwrecks found and surveyed on this site (16th, 17th and 20th centuries). September 1982 - February 1983.
52. Magnetometer and side-scan sonar survey and visual search conducted along the East Coast of Florida between Vero Beach and Cape Canaveral, during which a number of shipwrecks from the 17th to 19th centuries were located. Several new sections of the flagship of the 1715 fleet, known as the "Cabin Site" were located and excavated during the summer of 1985.
53. Underwater archaeological survey conducted in the vicinity of Limerick, Galway Bay and the Aran Islands, Ireland on several of the shipwrecks from the 1588 Spanish Armada. November 1984.
54. Excavation of the flagship of the 1715 Spanish flota near Sebastian Inlet, Florida. March - September 1985.
55. Aerial and visual survey conducted off the northeast coast of Andros Island, Bahamas, in which three 18th century merchantmen were located. March 1986.
56. Visual survey conducted off Bolanao, Luzon Island, Philippines; I found three Ming Dynasty porcelain-laden shipwrecks. October 1985, May 1986.
57. Visual survey conducted around the islands of Catanduanes, Samar, Cebu, Bohol, Mindoro and Isla Verde during which over twenty shipwrecks dating between the 12th and 19th centuries were explored and studied. October - December 1986; September 1989.
58. Discovered two Manila galleons off the coast of Guam - Nuestra Se?ora del Pilar, lost in 1690 and the Nuestra Se?ora del Buen Viaje, lost in 1754. March, June and July 1987 and May - August, 1988.
59. Discovered eight wrecks during a visual survey around the waters of Northern and Western Samar and the islands of Ticao, San Antonio and Capul. Two of them are believed to be Manila galleons. August, October-December, 1987 and February-March; October-December, 1988; January-March, 1989.
60. Conducted a visual survey in Drake's Bay, California for the remains of the Manila Galleon San August?n, lost in 1595. September 1988.
61. Conducted a visual survey along Basseterre and Tubataja Reefs in the Sulu Sea and found five Asiatic trading junks from the I0th to the 16th centuries, as well as a mid-eighteenth century British merchantman. April 1989.
62. Magnetometer survey of Drake's Bay which resulted in the discovery of the Manila Galleon San Agust?n, lost in 1595 sailing between Manila and Acapulco. June 1989.
63. Under auspices of the Malaysian Government, I conducted a visual survey in the vicinity of the ancient port of Malacca; found thirteen Asiatic trading vessels dating from the 8th to 16th centuries, one late 16th century Portuguese merchantman and two mid-17th century Dutch warships. July - August 1989.
64. Conducted visual and magnetometer surveys around six islands in the China Sea off the coast of Johor, Malaysia. Located four European colonial-period East Indiamen and eleven Asiatic trading vessels dating from the 9th to 18th centuries. March - August 1990.
65. Working with Seahawk Deep Ocean Technology and the Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution; I directed a pre-disturbance survey of an early Spanish merchantman lying in over 1,000 feet of water off the coast of St. Augustine, Florida. The survey included gridding and making a photogrammatic mosaic of the site, as well as digging a number of test holes utilizing a Johnson-Sealink manned submersible. We filmed 225 hours of video during the operation. October, 1990.
66. Archaeological consultant for South East Asia Salvage in the discovery of the Portuguese carrack Flor de la Mar, the flagship of Admiral Affonso de Albuquerque, which sank on the northeast coast of Sumatra Island in 1511, after the capture and sack of Malacca in Malaysia. Also acted as advisor and historical consultant in the excavation of this shipwreck. February 1990 and March 1991.
67. I conducted a visual and magnetometer survey in the South China Sea in the vicinity of Aur Island and found three Asiatic trading vessels from the 12th to 15th centuries. January - February 1991.
68. Chief scientist and archaeologist for Seahawk Deep Ocean Technology and Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution in the survey and excavation of a Spanish trading vessel, believed to date around 1700, lying at a depth of 1,200 feet off the east coast of Florida. Also surveyed a Civil War blockade runner at a depth of 1150 feet off Cape Canaveral, Florida. The Johnson-Sealink II manned submersible was used for this project. April 1991.
69. Seismic (magnetometer and side-scan sonar) and visual survey (using an R.O.V.) of a 200 square mile area surrounding Tioman Island in the China Sea off the East Coast of Malaysia. More than two dozen ancient shipwrecks located, including several from the Song Dynasty. February - November, 1992.
70. Excavation of two early Ming Dynasty porcelain-carrying Asiatic trading vessels, and a I0th century AD Song Dynasty junk. Portion of an early 17th century Portuguese East Indiaman was also located. All four sites are near Tioman Island, off the East Coast of Malaysia. February - November, 1993.
71. Electronic survey conducted in Gulf of Thailand utilizing an ROV for identification and recovery of small numbers of artifacts from four ancient Asiatic trading ships including one Han Dynasty (1st century BC) shipwreck. January - April 1994.
72. Consultant on excavation of unidentified early eighteenth century Portuguese East indiaman in the Maldives, Indian Ocean. June - August 1994.
73. Electronic and visual survey conducted off the south coast of Singapore found seven shipwrecks dating from the Song Dynasty to the mid-eighteenth century. April-May 1995.
74. Excavation of early Ming Dynasty porcelain-laden junk off Aur Island in the South China Sea. July-August 1995.
75. Exploration for ancient shipwrecks along Sicily?s south coast. I found two Phoenician and three Roman amphora-laden shipwrecks. July 1996.
76. Location of two seventeenth century Spanish shipwrecks off south-west coast of Dominica, Leeward Islands, Caribbean. November 1996 - January 1997.
77. Archaeological excavation of unidentified Spanish shipwreck circa 1570-1590 off Juno Beach, Florida. June through October 1997.
78. Mapping unidentified English shipwreck off Cape Canaveral, Florida June and July, 1998.
79. Location of four 16th and 17th century Spanish shipwrecks and other 18th and 19th century wrecks, Bermuda. August 1998.
80. Location of three Ming Dynasty Asiatic trading junks and the Trinidad, one of Magellan?s ships lost off the Malaysia state of Sabah on the north coast of Borneo. March-April l999.
8l. Visual search off Callao, Peru, in which the sites of five l6th and l7th century Spanish wrecks were discovered and surveyed. June l999.
82. Electronic and Visual search around the Chilean ports of Valpariaso and Arica. July and November l999.
83. Visual search conducted in the Falkland Islands in which two early l9th century wrecks were discovered and surveys made of other known sites to study the preservation of these vessels laying in the cold waters of the South Atlantic. January 2000.
84. Discovery of a late l7th century Spanish merchant ship lost near Puerto Madryn, Argentina. February 2000.
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Robert F. Marx Projects
1. Exploration and survey of shipwrecks along the California coast, including the Manila Galleon San Agust?n, lost in 1595 in Drake?s Bay, 1950-1953.
2. Location of several Civil War blockade runners and recovery of artifacts, under auspices of North Carolina Development Board, 1953-54.
3. During a six month Mediterranean cruise with the US Navy?s Sixth Fleet conducted shipwreck explorations in the Azores, Spain, France, Libya, Italy, Greece and Egypt; located and surveyed 15 ancient shipwrecks, June - December 1954.
4. Located Civil War ironclad, of the Monitor Class, Cape Hatteras, NC, 1955.
5. Located a number of Spanish and English wreck sites from period 1650- 1800, Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands, 1955-56.
6. Discovery of a number of previously unknown Mayan temple sites, cenotes. zacbes (ceremonial causeways), and cave tombs in British Honduras and in Quintana Roo and Isla Cozumel, Mexico; In cooperation with the Mexican Department of Anthropology and History mapped Tulum, Coba, Xelha, and other little-known Mayan sites on the east coast of Quintana Roo, Isla Cozumel and Isla Mujeres; first exploration and recovery of artifacts from Mayan cenote at Dzibilchaltun, under direction of Tulane University Department of Archaeology; served as assistant to Professor John Goggin, University of Florida, in excavation of Spanish colonial sites, Yucatan: February 1957-September 1959.
7. Discovery of remains of Spanish galleon, Nuestra Se?ora de los Milagros (sunk in 1741); organization of three series of excavations on the site, the last sponsored by the official Mexican Underwater Exploration Society (CEDAM), which resulted in the recovery of over 200,000 artifacts, Quintana Roo, Mexico, 1957 - 1959.
8. Discovery and identification of early Spanish wreck sites: La Nicolasa, supply ship of Hern?n Cortes's' expedition (sunk in 1526); and two ships burned and scuttled by Francisco de Montejo (1526), Quintana Roo, 1957.
9. Exploration of Caribbean waters off coasts of Central and South America, Leeward and Windward Islands and the Bahamas, located over fifty Spanish, French, English, Dutch and Portuguese wreck sites from period 1550- 1800, November 1959-February 1960.
10. Exploration around the island of Terceira, Azores. Located four late 16th century and early 17th century Spanish ships in Angra Bay; and three others from the same period in Fanal Bay on this Island, May 1960 and July 1961.
11. Underwater survey of submerged Roman cities of Carteya and Bolonia (southern Spain); location and exploration of wreck sites in Cadiz harbor and off Tarifa, Zahara, and Sanlucar de Barrameda, under auspices of the Museo Provincial de Cadiz, Spain, 1960-62.
12. Participation in archaeological excavation, sponsored by the Smithsonian Institution, of a 16th century Spanish wreck site, Bermuda, August 1963.
13. Organization and direction of exploratory expeditions to Roncador, and Quita Sue?o Banks, and Isla Providencia (western Caribbean), which resulted in the location of a number of important Spanish colonial wreck sites and exploration of four of the principal sites, June-July, 1963 and May-November, 1965.
14. Director, under auspices of the Institute of Jamaica and the Jamaican National Trust Commission, of the archaeological excavation of the sunken city of Port Royal which sank in 1692 during an earthquake. This remains to date the most extensive underwater archaeological excavation in the Western Hemisphere. I recovered more than two million artifacts and wrote forty scientific reports on the project. November 1965 - June 1968.
15. Discovered of two shipwrecks of Christopher Columbus which were lost in St. Anne's Bay, Jamaica, in 1504. February 1968.
16. Director of Research and Salvage operations for the Real Eight Co. Inc. of Melbourne, Florida. Summer months spent excavating shipwrecks of a fleet which was lost in 1715 off the coast of Florida. The remainder of each year spent locating and salvaging ancient shipwrecks in the Bahamas, Mexico and Colombia. June 1968 - January 1971.
17. Archaeological survey on geological formations and sunken walls and buildings off Bimini and Andros Island in the Bahamas. August 1969, July 1971 and December 1976.
18. Excavation of three Civil War blockade runners off Charleston and Sullivan?s Island, South Carolina. January - February 1970.
19. Archaeological explorations on land and underwater at various sites in the Yucatan Peninsula under auspices of CEDAM of Mexico. January, April - May 1971 and February - March 1976.
20. Exploration for marine archaeological sites around nine Caribbean Islands in the Windward and Leeward Island group under auspices of the Minnesota Historical Society. February 1971.
21. Archaeological survey of pre-Columbian artifacts in Lake Toluca, Mexico under auspices of CEDAM of Mexico. June 1971.
22. Underwater exploration of marine archaeological sites on both sides of the Isthmus of Panama under auspices of the Panama Institute of Tourism. December 1971 - January 1972, April 1973, March 1975.
23. Participated in exploration for ancient deep water wrecks St. Augustine to Miami, Florida aboard the Alcoa Seaprobe. March and November 1972.
24. Location of an early 17th century Spanish shipwreck in 1,500 feet of water south of the Dry Tortugas Islands in the Gulf of Mexico using sonar and a TVSS (television search and salvage system). An anchor from the site was brought to the surface for identification of the site. November 1972.
25. Exploration of the Little Bahama Bank using visual, sonar and magnetometer methods in which a total of 21 shipwrecks were discovered, including the Spanish galleon Nuestra Se?ora de la Maravilla, sunk in 1656. June - October 1972.
26. Exploration of the ancient Phoenician seaports of Byblos, Tyre and Sidon in Lebanon at the invitation of the Lebanese Dept. of Antiquities. Discoveries included Phoenician shipwrecks dating from the 5th and 4th centuries BC (one with a cargo of terracotta figurines), two Greek shipwrecks from the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC, two Roman shipwrecks from the First century BC, and a Byzantine shipwreck from the 6th century, AD. Collected samplings of cargoes of all the sites for the Department of Antiquities. January, February 1973 and July 1974.
27. Exploration around the Turks and Caicos Islands at the invitation of the Turks and Caicos Historical Society, to determine if one of these islands was the original landing place of Columbus?s first voyage. Discovered eleven shipwrecks dating from the early 17th to mid-19th centuries. November 1971, March 1973 and March 1977.
28. Exploration of waters surrounding Ascension Island in the South Atlantic at the invitation of the British Government; found four shipwrecks dating from mid- 16th century to the early 18th century, including Capt. William Dampier?s HMS Roebuck. March 1973.
29. Magnetometer and visual search of a twenty square-mile area in the Florida Keys. Nine shipwrecks from the 16th to 18th centuries and surveyed. May - October 1973.
30. Exploration of waters surrounding Grand Cayman Island at the invitation of the local government during which a number of shipwrecks were discovered. November 1973 and February 1978.
31. Locating and mapping a sunken city submerged in 1687 off Oranjestad, St. Eustatius Island in the Caribbean under auspices of the Dutch Government. In addition to mapping visual submerged structures of the site, I discovered and investigated a number of shipwrecks. December 1973.
32. Participation in underwater archaeological surveys and excavations along the northern coast of Israel under direction of Dr. Elisha Linder of the University of Haifa. Most of the excavations were concentrated in the area of Acre on harbor works and a Crusader shipwreck. I headed a team which located four Phoenician and several Hellenistic and Roman wrecks in this area and at Athlit and Shavei Zion. September - October 1975 and May 1976.
33. Exploration of both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of Panama under auspices of the Panama Government. Made extensive visual and magnetometer searches around the Pearl Islands on the Pacific side of the Isthmus and on the Atlantic side around the mouth of the Chagres River, Porto Bello, Nombre de Dios and in the San Blas Islands. A total of 44 shipwrecks predating 1800 were discovered. Test hole excavations made on a number of the sites. June - November 1976 and February - July 1977.
34. Underwater exploration made in the waters off the Central American country of Belize. Seven virgin wreck sites were discovered; two were 17th century Spanish merchantmen. April 1976.
35. At the invitation of the Australian Government, explored four 17th and 18th century Dutch shipwrecks, plus others of other date periods and nationalities off the west coast of Australia. August-September 1977.
36. Underwater archaeological survey made at the invitation of the Dutch Antilles Government around the islands of St. Martin's, Saba and St. Eustatius. I identified wreck sites off each island and recommended eventual excavation to the government. October - November 1977.
37. Search and excavation of numerous wrecks located in the Florida Keys between Marathon and Key Largo, including three of the 1733 fleet galleons, a 1622 merchantman and a French merchantman -c. 1750. March - July 1978.
38. Extensive magnetometer and visual survey made off Cape Canaveral and surrounding waters. A number of shipwrecks were discovered but poor working conditions prevented them from being excavated. July - September 1978.
39. Aerial, visual and magnetometer survey of the Little Bahama Bank, covering some 40 square miles in which a total of 28 shipwrecks were located dating from the mid sixteenth to late 19th century. October 1978 and July - September 1979.
40. Mauritius Project under auspices of UNESCO and Mauritius?s Dept. of Education, I conducted an extensive aerial and visual reef survey and located eighteen pre-1800 shipwrecks; including four 16th century Portuguese East Indiamen and seven 17th and 18th century East Indiamen (French, Dutch and English). During this expedition, I was consultant to the team excavating the French merchant vessel St. Ger?n lost in 1744. A vast number of artifacts were recovered, preserved and placed on display in the country?s Maritime Museum. February - April 1979.
41. Under auspices of the Naval Museum of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil I conducted an underwater visual survey off Salvador (Bahia) and located thirteen shipwrecks from the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries, including the flagship of the Dutch privateer, Piet Heyn, lost during his attack in 1627. May 1979.
42. Underwater archaeological survey in waters surrounding the port of Palma de Mallorca, Spain, resulting in the discovery of one Greek and two Roman amphorae-carrying galleys. In other areas, discovered five large lead Roman anchors which were not associated with a shipwreck. June 1979.
43. Underwater archaeological survey along the southern coast of Portugal in search of Classical period shipwrecks. In the harbor of Portimao, a Punic and a Roman shipwreck were discovered. October - November 1979.
44. Underwater archaeological survey made in the Azores around the Islands of San Miguel and Santa Maria. Twelve 16th to 18th century shipwrecks were located surveyed. December 1979.
45. Extensive magnetometer and visual survey along a thirty mile area of the southern and eastern shores of Cape Breton Island (Nova Scotia), Canada. Pinpointed over forty shipwrecks dating from the 17th to the 20th century, including the British HMS Tilbury (1749) and a section of the French warship Chameau (1725). Test excavations were made on the above two and several other 18th century shipwrecks. June - October 1980.
46. Under direction of the Naval Museum of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, partially excavated two Dutch warships near the harbor of Salvador (Bahia) in the Bay of All Saints: the Hollandia , Piet Heyn?s flagship lost during his attack in 1627 and the Utrecht lost in 1648. Thirty miles north of the bay I discovered the Portuguese East Indiaman, Santa Clara, lost in 1573. November 1980 - March 1981.
47. Underwater archaeological survey along the eastern and southern coast of Santiago Island in the Cape Verde Islands; discovered seven 15th to 18th century shipwrecks. The most important were two Portuguese merchantmen dating from the mid-16th century off the fishing village of Cidade Velha. On a beach on Sal Island I discovered traces of a Phoenician shipwreck dating from the 5th century BC. May 1981.
48. Extensive magnetometer and visual survey of 150 square miles on the Great Bahama Bank, Bahamas. Located more than fifty shipwrecks dating from the 16th to the 19th century. June - November 1981, April - October 1983, August - October 1984.
49. Under auspices of the Naval Museum of Rio de Janeiro, I conducted aerial, sonar, magnetometer and visual search along the coast, harbors and river mouths of Brazil?s Pernambuco State. Located eighteen 16th to 19th century shipwrecks (Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch and French); the majority were 17th century ships lost during the Dutch occupation of this area. Feb. - April 1982.
50. Under auspices of the Musee de Marine (Paris) I conducted a sonar and magnetometer survey off the coast of Brittany, France, during which nine 16th to 18th century shipwrecks were discovered, including three French warships from the famous Battle of Quiberon Bay (1759). Also participated in the excavation of the French warship Soleil Royal (1759) off Le Croisic. June - July 1982.
51. Underwater archaeological survey conducted in Baia de Guanabara (Rio de Janeiro), Brazil, under auspices of the Naval Museum, on what is believed to be a possible Roman amphora carrier from the 2nd century BC. Three other shipwrecks found and surveyed on this site (16th, 17th and 20th centuries). September 1982 - February 1983.
52. Magnetometer and side-scan sonar survey and visual search conducted along the East Coast of Florida between Vero Beach and Cape Canaveral, during which a number of shipwrecks from the 17th to 19th centuries were located. Several new sections of the flagship of the 1715 fleet, known as the "Cabin Site" were located and excavated during the summer of 1985.
53. Underwater archaeological survey conducted in the vicinity of Limerick, Galway Bay and the Aran Islands, Ireland on several of the shipwrecks from the 1588 Spanish Armada. November 1984.
54. Excavation of the flagship of the 1715 Spanish flota near Sebastian Inlet, Florida. March - September 1985.
55. Aerial and visual survey conducted off the northeast coast of Andros Island, Bahamas, in which three 18th century merchantmen were located. March 1986.
56. Visual survey conducted off Bolanao, Luzon Island, Philippines; I found three Ming Dynasty porcelain-laden shipwrecks. October 1985, May 1986.
57. Visual survey conducted around the islands of Catanduanes, Samar, Cebu, Bohol, Mindoro and Isla Verde during which over twenty shipwrecks dating between the 12th and 19th centuries were explored and studied. October - December 1986; September 1989.
58. Discovered two Manila galleons off the coast of Guam - Nuestra Se?ora del Pilar, lost in 1690 and the Nuestra Se?ora del Buen Viaje, lost in 1754. March, June and July 1987 and May - August, 1988.
59. Discovered eight wrecks during a visual survey around the waters of Northern and Western Samar and the islands of Ticao, San Antonio and Capul. Two of them are believed to be Manila galleons. August, October-December, 1987 and February-March; October-December, 1988; January-March, 1989.
60. Conducted a visual survey in Drake's Bay, California for the remains of the Manila Galleon San August?n, lost in 1595. September 1988.
61. Conducted a visual survey along Basseterre and Tubataja Reefs in the Sulu Sea and found five Asiatic trading junks from the I0th to the 16th centuries, as well as a mid-eighteenth century British merchantman. April 1989.
62. Magnetometer survey of Drake's Bay which resulted in the discovery of the Manila Galleon San Agust?n, lost in 1595 sailing between Manila and Acapulco. June 1989.
63. Under auspices of the Malaysian Government, I conducted a visual survey in the vicinity of the ancient port of Malacca; found thirteen Asiatic trading vessels dating from the 8th to 16th centuries, one late 16th century Portuguese merchantman and two mid-17th century Dutch warships. July - August 1989.
64. Conducted visual and magnetometer surveys around six islands in the China Sea off the coast of Johor, Malaysia. Located four European colonial-period East Indiamen and eleven Asiatic trading vessels dating from the 9th to 18th centuries. March - August 1990.
65. Working with Seahawk Deep Ocean Technology and the Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution; I directed a pre-disturbance survey of an early Spanish merchantman lying in over 1,000 feet of water off the coast of St. Augustine, Florida. The survey included gridding and making a photogrammatic mosaic of the site, as well as digging a number of test holes utilizing a Johnson-Sealink manned submersible. We filmed 225 hours of video during the operation. October, 1990.
66. Archaeological consultant for South East Asia Salvage in the discovery of the Portuguese carrack Flor de la Mar, the flagship of Admiral Affonso de Albuquerque, which sank on the northeast coast of Sumatra Island in 1511, after the capture and sack of Malacca in Malaysia. Also acted as advisor and historical consultant in the excavation of this shipwreck. February 1990 and March 1991.
67. I conducted a visual and magnetometer survey in the South China Sea in the vicinity of Aur Island and found three Asiatic trading vessels from the 12th to 15th centuries. January - February 1991.
68. Chief scientist and archaeologist for Seahawk Deep Ocean Technology and Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution in the survey and excavation of a Spanish trading vessel, believed to date around 1700, lying at a depth of 1,200 feet off the east coast of Florida. Also surveyed a Civil War blockade runner at a depth of 1150 feet off Cape Canaveral, Florida. The Johnson-Sealink II manned submersible was used for this project. April 1991.
69. Seismic (magnetometer and side-scan sonar) and visual survey (using an R.O.V.) of a 200 square mile area surrounding Tioman Island in the China Sea off the East Coast of Malaysia. More than two dozen ancient shipwrecks located, including several from the Song Dynasty. February - November, 1992.
70. Excavation of two early Ming Dynasty porcelain-carrying Asiatic trading vessels, and a I0th century AD Song Dynasty junk. Portion of an early 17th century Portuguese East Indiaman was also located. All four sites are near Tioman Island, off the East Coast of Malaysia. February - November, 1993.
71. Electronic survey conducted in Gulf of Thailand utilizing an ROV for identification and recovery of small numbers of artifacts from four ancient Asiatic trading ships including one Han Dynasty (1st century BC) shipwreck. January - April 1994.
72. Consultant on excavation of unidentified early eighteenth century Portuguese East indiaman in the Maldives, Indian Ocean. June - August 1994.
73. Electronic and visual survey conducted off the south coast of Singapore found seven shipwrecks dating from the Song Dynasty to the mid-eighteenth century. April-May 1995.
74. Excavation of early Ming Dynasty porcelain-laden junk off Aur Island in the South China Sea. July-August 1995.
75. Exploration for ancient shipwrecks along Sicily?s south coast. I found two Phoenician and three Roman amphora-laden shipwrecks. July 1996.
76. Location of two seventeenth century Spanish shipwrecks off south-west coast of Dominica, Leeward Islands, Caribbean. November 1996 - January 1997.
77. Archaeological excavation of unidentified Spanish shipwreck circa 1570-1590 off Juno Beach, Florida. June through October 1997.
78. Mapping unidentified English shipwreck off Cape Canaveral, Florida June and July, 1998.
79. Location of four 16th and 17th century Spanish shipwrecks and other 18th and 19th century wrecks, Bermuda. August 1998.
80. Location of three Ming Dynasty Asiatic trading junks and the Trinidad, one of Magellan?s ships lost off the Malaysia state of Sabah on the north coast of Borneo. March-April l999.
8l. Visual search off Callao, Peru, in which the sites of five l6th and l7th century Spanish wrecks were discovered and surveyed. June l999.
82. Electronic and Visual search around the Chilean ports of Valpariaso and Arica. July and November l999.
83. Visual search conducted in the Falkland Islands in which two early l9th century wrecks were discovered and surveys made of other known sites to study the preservation of these vessels laying in the cold waters of the South Atlantic. January 2000.
84. Discovery of a late l7th century Spanish merchant ship lost near Puerto Madryn, Argentina. February 2000.
