I forget the name, it holds things in place so you can use a draw knife on it. Sit on the bench, put your piece of wood that needs working under the iron piece, press the lever with your foot.
Might be for making wooden shingles. They had similar things for fleshing pelts, but I think the draw area would be a different shape for that.
They were used when shingles and other wood items were made by hand and that's a long time ago, 19th century and before. Its a neat antique and in fine shape.