If you don't get an adequate response, you may with to contact these sources:
1. The Carroll County Historical Society.
2. The Carroll County Heritage Center Museum
3. and the Saunders Museum
Don.......
What a neat artifact! Found a Thomas C. Whiteley on FamilySearch who was born in Carroll County, Arkansas on December 7, 1837. Carroll County is located in the NW corner of the state. The town of Berryville, where the bond was issued in June 1862, is located in Carroll County.
By the 1860 U.S. Census he was living in Madison County, which is one county to the south of Carroll. According to a note “Thomas died from wounds received during the battle at Prairie Grove, Washington, Arkansas (Washington County is one county west of Madison). Don't know if death was immediate or if he lived for a time. He was on muster roll of Co. H. Hawthorn's Regiment, Arkansas Infantry, was wounded on 30 Dec 1862 and died as a result of the wounds.”
I did a quick search and didn't see any other private ones like yours. Most were issued by the government at various levels and amounts to help fund the war effort.
Perhaps this guy was wealthy enough to issue his own bonds.