2nd question first .
"Alaska" is the 49th state of the USA. It is parked above Canada, is large and very rural.
The University of Alaska generated this table, and you can trust their competency and experience in dealing with snow on the roof.
The particular phrase I use to find it helps Google to consistently go back to the same info.
3rd question
Cross section is the key factor in the strength of materials. For some weird math compare the ratio of the cross section of a 6"circle in a 6" box (beam) versus for four 3" circles in a 6" box versus nine 2" circles in a 6" box. It's the same, so there is no difference in strength for the same material.
We used spruce pine because it is indigenous to oak Island and was positively id'd as a part of that lower construction in the Mccully letter.
Different materials, different strengths obviously.
Drat. Since spruce is ruled out for 10' levels, we can try 6" oak poles and 6"oak beams if we can find shear tables online for them. Various heresy accounts have both spruce
And oak mentioned as building materials.
Out of power.