You don't show the top but I'm guessing it's open, so it may be an ikebana (ee-kay-bah-na) vase.
The characters on the art side say something like "native village" or "home town". The other side is likely a poem about "home town". You can see the kanji is repeated on the left. BTW that pic is upside down...
I won't even venture in to the hand written, stylized characters of the poem.
I don't think the piece is really old. "Vintage" to my eye - meaning not older than me.
I'll speculate that it's a copy or artistic interpretation of a famous Japanese wood block print.