gator the piece in your post #9 is a nice tool
in your post #6 maybe one or two of the pieces on the left side could have been gouges but the rest appear to be broke bones
as far as 'just breaking the ends off and pushing the marrow out' is not realistic
you can't just break the ends off of them, it don't work,to remove the ends a saw or flint blade would be needed and the time would have taken too long to just get the marrow...........
......at least for the mandans as hunting buffalo, fishing for catfish,walleye and others , along with gardening allowed them to stockpile a few years worth of food in addition having even more extra to trade for other commodities with other tribes and villages
it would be like just take a piece of a narrow oak board and just snap the ends off?
the grain in a bone has many of the same characteristics
nomad44 has posted deer hoofs as harry said and the rest are just broke bones
i have found bigger broke bones that were utilized as gouges evident by the amount of usage wear so i agree that every piece should be looked at if it has that shape of a gouge
twitko and me have experience with bone and broke bone....he posted some pottery tools along with some other things in his post on page 1
as far as the deer and elk hoofs or unguals we have them lying all over the place in the site we hunt
i value and appreciate harry's comments
now no need to take any of this wrong, i count on seeing what you come up with daily and read all of your posts
it helps me learn about other parts of the artifact world, i can tell you are into it heavy my friend
steve
Larson1951