Seems like you covered all the categories except for bitters!

Erdspiegel · Dec 29, 2009

'Apotheker A. Wurms, Magendoctor'
17cm height;Imperial Germany,ca.1900

Erdspiegel · Dec 29, 2009

'Carl Mampe, Berlin'
11cm height; around 1900
different sizes of this mattern exsist

Erdspiegel · Dec 29, 2009

'Hermann Meyer & Co.,Berlin'
8 cm height;around 1900
different sizes & colours of glass exsist

Erdspiegel · Dec 29, 2009

'F.J.Mampe;Stargard i. Pommern'
24,5 cm height

Harry Pristis · Dec 29, 2009

I really like the MAMPE with the seal!

Were German bitters marketed as medicinals only? Many American bitters (certainly not all) were used to avoid taxes on distilled liquor. Later in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, some were used to dodge the wrath of prohibitionists.

There had been for decades a rising sentiment against alcoholic beverages. In 1895 the Anti Saloon Leage had become a powerful, national organization. In 1913, the League announced its campaign to achieve national prohibition through a constitutional amendment. In 1916, an alliance of temperance organizations propelled the election of two-thirds majorities in both houses of Congress necessary to initiate what became the Eighteenth Amendment to our Constitution -- Prohibition.

Is there a similar background history to German bitters?

Erdspiegel · Dec 29, 2009

No.
German bitters were always sold as 'Kräuterschnaps' (herbal-brandy or -liqueur).Taken after a great meal,a bitter will support the digestion,people thought.
And prevent from stomach-aches.