I use "Specific Gravity" to identify (pure) metals, and some alloys. Specific gravity is an expression of a material's density compared with the density of water. For example, the Specific Gravity of civil war simple cast iron (sometimes called pig-iron) is 7.0 to 7.1 (note, there's nothing metric about that -- it simply means cast iron is about 7 times as dense as water). Here's a link to a good webpage about Specific Gravity, and it includes a list of the SG of various common metals.
https://www.azahner.com/resources/metal-density
For a longer list of various metals' Specific gravity, go here:
http://www.isissteam.com/downloads/gravity-metals.pdf
Because it gives the data in kilograms, you need to put a decimal after the number of thousands... such as, gold's SD is 1930 so it translates at 19.320 in the "simple" comparison of its density with water's density.