The only "list" I can think of, that has ever been assembled, is one that the FMDAC collected many years ago. It's sort of similar to a book called "treasure laws of the united states", by a fellow whose last name was "Grim". But they only attempted to gather state-level and federal level owned lands. Because obviously county by county, and city by city, is impossible.
The result of the state-by-state inquiries (to the heads of park's dept's or whatever), years ago when those lists were compiled, often referred persons to much older (pre-dating metal detectors) cultural heritage wording. That is to say, the person answering the inquiry might have morphed other things to apply, since .... afterall .... you "might" find an old coin, or "might" be in a historically sensitive site. So often time, the easiest answer for the bureaucrat to give out, was "no" or "inquire at each kiosk you come to", etc.....
I remember when Grim's book (the first edition) came out, it was a surprise to some folks in our club, in the mid 1980s, when we read the citation about CA. Because the state level beaches and parks here had simply been detected since the dawn of time, and no one cared (it never occured to anyone that anything might be wrong, to begin with). And to this day, there are state parks and beaches here that you can still detect, and no one cares (as long as you're not being a nuisance in some other way). Thus I have my doubts about the data that was gathered. It may be the "technical answer", but often time, ........ well .... you know
On city and county level, my practice is, that if it's not specifically dis-allowed, then no need to ask. I just go. Just bear in mind that we're in an odd-hobby that draws stares to the "guy with the geiger-counter", so a little common sense on where and when to go, goes without saying. Ie.: don't waltz through a park during the middle of an archaeologist convention, etc...