Russell -- The questions you ask are exactly the ones I had in my mind before I posted the location on Geronimo Head for "Dr. Thorne's Gold." I still have no answers to those questions, which is why I prefer to call that location on Geronimo Head as a "possible" location. There could be others just as possible, but I haven't found any yet, although I've searched for others closer to the Salt River that also might fit the clues given in the tale. So, consider Geronimo Head to be my best "guesstimate" thus far. I'm sure that by looking carefully at the GE images you can see things there that don't look natural.
As you point out, a primary stumbling block with Geronimo Head is the challenging and time consuming climb to the top, and then getting back down to the canyon bottom with heavy loads of gold ore, although I would guess that Dr. Thorne had some help from his Apache friends. I know that some have made it to the top of Geronimo Head, Wayne Tuttle included, and those people might know the fastest and easiest route to the top. A route from the Tortilla Creek side of the mountain might be a possibility, but using GE it looks less likely than from the LaBarge Canyon side.
I have the total time of Dr. Thorne's escorted trip not much exceeding twelve hours. That would be the maximum time during the summer months when days are longest. The total time would be shorter during the cooler months of the year when days are shorter. Nothing in the tale indicates a period of time extending beyond daylight hours of one day, nor is there anything indicating that they traveled as far as Weavers Needle.
Dr. Thorne's sighting of a pointed peak also presents a problem. From the bottom of LaBarge Canyon, could he have "barely" seen the tip of Weavers Needle? Why, if he was on the top of Geronimo Head, wasn't the pointed peak mentioned as being more prominent?
Another, very different, version of the tale tells of Dr. Thorne finding his gold in a cached pile at the bottom of a canyon. That version would lead to other possible locations in many different directions. It all seems to amount to pick-and-choose, as with most of these old tales. Everyone can make their own choice.